Learning styles belong to a concept, which was developed in the seventies by the learning psychology and assumes that most people prefer a few custom methods to deal with stimuli and information.
According to this concept, learners often have varying degrees of success under otherwise identical conditions for learning, because their preferred learning method is not offered. Based on that, in recent years it is increasingly pointed out that teachers should assess the learning styles of their students and adapt their teaching methods accordingly.
There are over 80 learning style models have been proposed, all of which have at least two different learning styles.
The group of the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning models emphasizes the sense impressions that come into play during the transmission of information. These models can use different names for the same or similar learning styles. There are usually four basic types to be distinguished:
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- visual learning (learning by sight)
- auditory learning (learning by hearing)
- reading and writing (learning by processing text)
- kinesthetic learning (learning by doing, by motion)
Kolb’s model
The model was created in 1985 and is the most widely used in German-speaking countries:
Diverger (the discoverer) prefers concrete experience and reflected observation. His strengths lie in the ability to imagine things. This type tends to observe concrete situations from many perspectives and is interested in people. He has broad cultural interests and often specializes in artistic activities.
Assimilator (the thinker) prefers reflected observation and abstract conceptualization. His strengths lie in the ability to generate theoretical models. This type tends to lake inductive conclusions and deals with things rather than with people or theories. He integrates individual facts into concepts.
Converger (the decision maker) prefers abstract conceptualization and active experimentation. His strengths lie in the execution of ideas. This type tends to draw hypothetical-deductive conclusions and deal better with things or theories than with people.
Accommodator (the practitioner) prefers active experimentation and concrete experience. His strengths are in the design of activities. He tends to solve problems intuitively through trial and error and deal with people rather than with things or theories. He rely more on facts than on individual theories.
Model by Honey and Mumford
This model developed in 1992, also has four learning styles:
- Activists
- Thinker
- Theorists
- Pragmatists
Model of fields
This model is the oldest (1978) and differentiated wider:
- active and reflective learners
- inductive and deductive learners
- sensory and intuitive learners
- visual and auditory learners
- sequential and global learners.
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