War in Afghanistan (2001 – present) is an asymmetrical military conflict between the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), initially supported by the Northern Alliance, and then, by new government of Afghanistan and the Taliban Islamist organization, which had controlled by that time most of Afghanistan. One of the stages of the civil war in Afghanistan continued since 1978.
United States carried out Afghanistan operation as a part of Operation Enduring Freedom, launched in response to the terrorist attack September 11, 2001. International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan (ISAF) operated in accordance with the resolution number 1386 of the UN Security Council on 20 December 2001. This is the longest war in the history of the United States of America.
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Since 1996, the capital and much of the territory of Afghanistan have been controlled by the Taliban. It was the time, when the U.S. number one wanted terrorist Osama bin Laden took refuge in Afghanistan. The Taliban refused to extradite bin Laden and after the bombings of the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 and the attacks of September 11, 2001, in the U.S.
President George W. Bush has put forward an ultimatum to the Taliban: to extradite bin Laden as soon as possible to the American justice, as well as the entire leadership of al-Qaeda. September 21 Taliban refused, saying that the Americans have not provided sufficient proof of the involvement of the organization to the attacks in New York and Washington.
On September 22, two States, which had recognized the Taliban regime (UAE and Saudi Arabia; the third country, recognized the Emirate of Afghanistan, was Pakistan) broke diplomatic relations with Afghanistan. From Afghanistan rushed a huge flow of refugees to Iran and Pakistan.
The U.S. officially declared goals:
- to overthrow the Taliban regime,
- to liberate Afghanistan from the Taliban’s influence,
- to capture and trial members of al-Qaeda.
The military operation against the Taliban began the evening of 7 October 2001. In the first attack took part 40 combat aircrafts, American and British ships fired about 50 cruise missiles.
During the first month, the combat operations were limited to the U.S. air strikes on military installations of the Taliban. Taliban air defense system was put out of action almost immediately; all Taliban aircrafts were destroyed on the ground. In addition, there were ground operations involving Special Forces of the coalition. The Taliban announced the elimination of several helicopters and dozens of enemy soldiers, demonstrating in support the filming of the helicopter chassis.
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