In anterograde amnesia (also known as Ekmnesie) is the massively reduced memorizing capability for new contents of consciousness. So the new impressions can be kept only for one or two minutes in memory before they are forgotten.
To write a decent research paper on anterograde amnesia you should know that the reasons for the disease are the failure of the main circuit neurons in the limbic system (Papez circuit) or the demise of neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (Alzheimer’s disease).
The anterograde amnesia often occurs in combination with a retrograde amnesia for example in post-traumatic amnesia with loss of consciousness due to concussion, in the time of confusion after waking anterograde amnesia occurs and also a memory lapse concerning the events immediately prior to the – to the traumatic event not can be closed (retrograde amnesia). Anterograde amnesia is within the scope of an amnesic syndrome, frequently associated with a severe retrograde amnesia, which often extends over decades, while by Korsakoff’s syndrome are affected the 5% of all chronic alcoholics.
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Above all, the episodic memory (autobiographical memory) is severely compromised, often with an intact general knowledge and intelligence confabulation leads, an objectively false statement caused but by a distorted memory or malfunction in the retrieval of memory contents.
Generally, anterograde amnesia can also be caused by benzodiazepines and other hypnotics. Originally by the administration of Halcion (drug triazolam) it was discovered that the patient do not remember the events during the time under the influence of the drug. Accordingly, this is referred to as “Halcion effect”. Elective surgery can be medically desirable.
After a certain period of time, the amnesiac gives the impression that he can no longer be taught. The anterograde amnesia is characterized by 5 aspects:
- The concept of time / competition: to verify that a patient has amnesia, he must still pass a little time before asking him to return information: time is needed (often within minutes). The amnesic patient “forgets” all more quickly if he is occupied by an activity during the delay.
- The intensity of amnesia is obvious: enough to maintain awareness of amnesia (which remains to objectify through tests). Amnesia poses real problems in the patient’s life, although he does not always take consciousness about it: he lost objects and is disoriented in time and space.
- Forgetting is characteristic of amnesia: the patient behaves as if the information is erased from his memory as time passes. In cases where the patient has the ability to acquire new information, we rather speak of memory disorder.
- Disorientation in time and space is also characteristic: the patient is unable to indicate the current date. May indicate the date of birth but not his age. Disorientation is even more obvious when the area is new for the amnesiac (never saw it before the start of the amnesia).
- Episodic memory (context): it contains all traces encoded by all the terms, and even some temporal, emotional aspects. The awareness that certain events were experienced by the subject is also touched.
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