A cardiomyopathy or myocardiopathy (literally, heart muscle disease) is a heterogeneous group of diseases affecting the myocardium responsible for a malfunction of this muscle. Besides hereditary forms, alcohol and systemic diseases can cause cardiomyopathy.
Cardiomyopathy may have extrinsic (secondary to external cardiac muscle pathology) or intrinsic (by primary involvement of the heart muscle).
Eventually, the patients risk heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden death.
Those college or university students who have opted the topic for their research paper have to know that cardiomyopathy may be asymptomatic (cause no clinical signs); they may also be responsible for asthenia, of dyspnea (shortness of breath), rarely chest pain, tachycardia, and other cardiac arrhythmias.
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In dilated cardiomyopathy, the heart’s pumping ability is impaired, leading to the enlarged chamber and atrium. Breathlessness and edema develops. The venous pressure rises, which is usually manifested through to visible filled blood vessels in the neck.
X-ray shows an enlarged heart. Ultrasound of the heart show reduced mobility in the left ventricle. Treatment is salt restriction in diet, digitalis, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta blockers. Cardiac transplantation is sometimes done.
Decreased elasticity of the myocardium. At restrictive cardiomyopathy, the heart is filled badly in the resting phase (diastole). Restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterized by decreased fill volume in the chambers despite large intact systolic function and the normal ventricular wall thickness. Stuffed neck veins and aching liver may occur. The pressure in the veins is high and edema occurs.
At hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the left ventricular wall is thickening. The heart’s fill in the rest becomes worse because of the thickening. There is a risk of sudden cardiac arrest, and this especially when working hard. This disease is easily visible on the ECG. Beta blockers are used and sometimes surgery is done.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy means that the heart muscle is thick and difficult to relax. This extra muscle power can sometimes cause blockage of blood flow out of the heart. Medications are needed to help the heart to relax and to control heart rhythm.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (from the Japanese tako tsubo, a gear at squid fishing), commonly known as stress cardiomyopathy or broken heart syndrome is a rare form of cardiomyopathy that is believed to be triggered by acute emotional stress. Despite its name, does not break the heart literally, but the lower part of the left ventricle becomes enlarged and may be an impaired ability to pump. The cause of the disease is not known, but it has been speculated spasm in the coronary arteries or that elevated levels of catecholamines (a kind of stress hormones) damages the heart muscle. The symptoms are similar to those of myocardial infarction. The prognosis is good, however, with complete recovery. See also somatoform autonomic dysfunction (cardiac neurosis).
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