All shock absorbers are usually divided into hydraulic, gas (nitro) and blow (low-pressure gas). This division is conventional because in all three cases, the “central” part is the valve, which remains essentially unchanged in all three cases, the compensatory element is a gas.
Those who want to write a good research proposal on nitro shock absorbers have to remember that central valve moves in the central cylinder and the differences begin from this point on. Hydraulic and blow shock absorbers have another outer cylinder, where the oil flows through the bottom valve. Gas shock absorber does not have outer cylinder and all its design is packed in one.
Thus, we could logically divide nitro shock absorbers into double-tube and monotube. When working, any shock absorbers, by definition, produce a large amount of heat, so the oil used in them requires not only corrosive, but also thermal stability – the ability to withstand temperatures up to 160 degrees without changing its structure and properties.
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Simultaneously, the actual problem of heat removal. Double-tube hydraulic shock absorbers dissipate heat worse than high pressure monotube, because in the former “heat generator” – the central cylinder – is covered at the top by another coaxial cylinder filled with oil and compensation gas.
Why do there is need in a compensation gas? Fluid, as it is known, cannot be not compressed. Therefore, if it were not for the compensation gas, the piston inside the cylinder would hit a “oil wall,” which by virtue of its large inertia has not yet begun to flow through a calibrated valve openings.
That compensation volume of gas is compressed first and takes all the hit to itself and only then the oil begins to flow through the calibrated valve openings of the central rod. Moreover, the oil is often heated to substantial temperatures. Its volume Increases and when it is necessary to compensate it, this small portion of the gas makes it.
Hydraulic shock absorbers dampen softer because they have two of the valve system, in contrast to the monotube, having only one which is located on the stem, plus the gas there is at lower pressure. Along with this, they are really inert and react slowly to movement of the wheel, especially to low-frequency vibrations of small amplitudes. The higher the gas pressure, propped up oil, the higher the “quick response” of a shock absorber. In the high pressure shock absorbers gas and oil are one after another in the same cylinder and are separated by the valve. Gas (usually nitrogen) is at a pressure of about 25 atmospheres. Thus, the rod valve all the time is in tension, in “spring-loaded” condition and thus nitro shock absorber has much quicker response to potholes and bumps of the road.
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