Racism in America took his roots in slavery. Slavery is the main cause of the arrival of Africans in the Americas. African Americans have been victims of intolerance, discrimination, segregation and prejudice. In 2007, approximately 39.9 million Afro-Americans lived in the United States, or 12.9% of the total population.
The 1st African slaves landed in the early seventeenth century in the British colonies in North America. From 1608 to 1808, a large population of Africans, mostly from West Africa, was brought by force to the American continent as a free labor for the colonists. African Americans were the only immigrants, who were brought by force to the southern states to work in the plantations (cotton, tobacco, sugar cane). People from the northern states, who lived rather trade and small industry, were against slavery. This created two clans, the Confederacy in the south and the Union in the north.
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Racial segregation in the United States began in the 1860s during the Civil War, opposing the northern states, advocated the abolition of slavery, to the South, which used black slaves. After many bloody battles between the two sides, which costed life for over 600,000 Americans, it was the northerners, who eventually prevail in 1865. Thus, the abolition of slavery was proclaimed and citizenship was granted to Black Americans. For a decade, there had been an improvement in the social and political life of African-Americans, however further violence and persecution arose against them.
The Ku Klux Klan was an organization founded in 1865 in the United States, which demonstrated a deep hatred against black people in particular, and proclaimed the supremacy of the “white race.” Members of the Ku Klux Klan were also against the Republicans. They still hold sometimes, strange ceremonies, especially in the southern United States. Wearing white hoods, they burn huge cross and brandishing torches in the night.
On the other hand, laws were passed in the South, which promoted racial segregation. The former southern states introduced from 1876 the Jim Crow laws, which distinguish the citizens according to their ‘racial’ membership. They imposed segregation in all public places and services. The most important were introducing segregation in schools and most public services, including trains and buses.
During the years from 1920 to 1980, the Supreme Court of Justice, which is the top court in the United States and the court of last resort, said that Congress can not prohibit racial discrimination practiced by private individuals. In addition, in 1896, the Supreme Court authorized this new legislation, making the separate but equal doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson.
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