The Western civilization or Western world is a set of cultural, political, and economic characteristics that unite the countries of North America and Western Europe, describing them in comparison with other countries in the world.
The term “Western civilization” can be confusing in its definition because it covers different realities at different times and can vary according to political, cultural, ideological, religious, or philosophical views. It is therefore interesting to study it in a historical perspective.
The Western civilization or simply the West in a classical view means, an heiress cultural area of ancient Greece (thinking, science) and ancient Rome (right) and impregnated later Judeo-Christian culture, Catholic and Protestant. In this sense, the roots of the West date back to antiquity. Its origin lies in the establishment of colonies by the cities of Ancient Greece, which spread gradually civilization throughout the Mediterranean. Under this influence gradually developed the city of Rome, to form a vast empire. In 296, Diocletian divided the Roman Empire administratively into two parts: East and West, establishing a first boundary between what will be a long time the Eastern world and the Western world.
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After a period of relative decline during the Middle Ages, the West is more strongly developed than the rest of the world with the Renaissance and the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century by liberating itself from the influence of the Church, before reaching its climax with the Industrial Revolution in the nineteenth century, the European colonization of the world, and finally with the political revolutions in the twentieth century, which introduced secularism and parliamentary democracy.
Western Europe, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and sometimes also of South Africa, Israel, and Japan are currently considered among the so-called Western countries.
But the roots of Western civilization and its leading media constantly transformed geographically, culturally, linguistically, and religiously. Significant is also the inner antagonism between the groups that compose the modern Western civilization. It is also important to realize nonidentical concepts of the “Western” and “European,” although these terms are interrelated.
During the Cold War in the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries, by Western were usually understood developed capitalist countries.
In general, since there is no single criterion for identification of the western world – the term itself cannot be considered uniquely appropriate.
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