Affective disorders, mood disorders, or mood swings, are mental disorders whose main symptom is a change of emotions (also called affectivity) or moods, that is, that person becomes inexplicably depressed or euphoric. An example of such a disorder is depression. During a depression the change of the mood or emotional state is manifested for others often in an altered level of activity, i.e., the person becomes apathetic or manic, depending on the diagnosis. Many of the affective disorders may lead to altered states of consciousness, such as psychosis.
Most mood disorders occur after a difficult event. It is very individual how severe handicap anyone can handle before a mood disorder breaks out.
A contentious issue for over 50 years has been whether affective disorders – depression as well as bipolar disorder – are linked with obesity. The problem with answering the question is whether the co morbidity of both conditions is prevalent (and therefore has no relation). Affective symptoms are common among individuals seeking help for obesity.
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The affective disorders can be divided into bipolar and unipolar disorders. There can also be NOS (not otherwise specified) affective disorders, which cannot be grouped with the traditional diagnoses. Unipolar disorder refers to the person, who only has an altered mood at the side of the normal state. When bipolar disorder commutes person between two disturbed moods, where the normal state can be said to be in the middle between them. Depression or depressed mood leads to reduced levels of activity and mania or hypomania leads to increased entrepreneurial activity, increased activity, and increased energy. It is normal to be depressed and passive at times, and happier and more enterprising sometimes. For it to be considered a mental disorder, mood modes have to be different and debilitating, and lacking in proportion to the trigger.
Mood disorders can be primarily psychological, called functional, or because of a disease or drugs, which are called symptomatic.
A mood disorder, which occurs occasionally, is called episodic. This can apply to both depression and mania. Recurring depressions and manias are called recurrent. Recurrent manias and depressions are counted as bipolar disorder.
Bipolar disorder involves primarily the person commute from standard tuning to both depression and mania, with either sadness or mania proportional to what triggers the change of mind.
That is, the sadness becomes very serious, and elation or increased energy becomes very noticeable and deviant. How long the various tuning modes lasts is very different for different individuals. A manic period can be between a few weeks to six months. Depressions generally last longer, meaning that a person with bipolar disorder is more often depressed than manic.
Between the so-called relapses, i.e., periods of sickness, most people go in full remission and seems to be quite healthy. Both manic and depressive episodes are triggered by external events.
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