Today, tsunami is generally accepted international scientific term derived from a Japanese word meaning “big wave filling the bay.” The exact definition of a tsunami is a long wave of catastrophic nature, arising mainly as a result of tectonic movements on the ocean floor.
At the present stage of the science and technology development it is not possible to accurately predict the time and location of an earthquake, but after it happened, the possibility of a tsunami in a given point can be precalculate.
The phenomenon, which we call a tsunami, is a series of propagating waves in the ocean with a very long length and period. These waves are formed as a result of earthquakes occurring under the ocean or near the coast. Tsunamis can be formed during the eruption of underwater volcanoes, as well as collapses of large tracts of land to the ocean. Tsunami moves in the deep ocean at a speed of over 1000 km / h, the distance between successive crests (troughs) waves may be more than a few hundred kilometers away, so in the open sea, they are not felt by people on board the ships.
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When a tsunami comes to the shallow parts of the coast, the waves velocity decreases sharply, and their height increases significantly. It is in these shallow areas where the tsunami becomes dangerous to people and property. On these sites, its height can be more than 30-50 meters, and the destructive force of the waves is huge.
Especially dangerous tsunami is for settlements and structures that are at the top of the bays and coves, wide open to the ocean and a wedge tapering towards the land. Here, as in the funnel, the tsunami is catching up a large mass of water, which, at the end of the bay, spills out onto the shore, and floods the mouth of the rivers and valleys for 2-3 km out from the sea.
Tsunami is a rare phenomenon. In the Pacific Kamchatka Kurile islands and tsunami occur with maximum water level rise above 23 m once during 100-200 years, with the rise of 8 to 23 m once in 50-100 years, with the rise of 3 to 8 once in 20-30 years, with the rise of 1-3 m once in 10 years.
Students, writing their research proposal on the subject should use free sample research paper topics on tsunami, which can present them an information about tsunami intensity scale, which is very similar to the scale of earthquake intensity. In addition to that, these free papers can teach you the set of rules, which is essential for writing a good research paper. Moreover, they can give some ideas on how to present the result of your research on paper. One of the most popular research paper topics is Japan tsunami and tsunami of 2004.
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